Microbial contamination of Naira notes circulating in Bauchi metropolis: prevalence, microbial load and detection of extended spectrum beta-lactamase producing Gram-negative bacteria

Background: Globally, contamination of banknotes with various microbial species is increasingly being reported. This usually results from improper handling during exchange goods and services. In the present study, we aimed to determine load, prevalence presence Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase (ESBL) among bacteria isolated Nigerian Naira notes circulating in Bauchi metropolis.Methodology: A total 400 denominations were randomly collected aseptically, cultured viable counts determined. The identified using standard microbiological techniques. Antibiotic susceptibility isolates detection ESBL determined by Kirby-Bauer’s disc diffusion method Double Disc Synergy Test (DDST), respectively.Results: All samples contaminated species. highest mean colony count was detected 20 (28.5%), while least observed 1000 note (3.3%). Fourteen different currency notes, predominantly Escherichia coli (25.0%), Staphylococcus aureus (12.0%). Some fungal mainly Aspergillus flavus niger also isolated. Majority resistant third generation cephalosporins (72.1%) positive.Conclusion: study shows that metropolis heavily species, a high proportion Gram-negative producers. Efforts should thus be made improve hygiene practices area. Importantly, businesses encouraged adopt use electronic transactions.
 Keywords: Currency Naira, Microbial contamination,